Ubushuhe - Ivyagezwe vy'Ibumfu

1) Inkomezi y'uburemere buke bw'ubushuhe bw'ubushuhe
Guserukira ubwo bwoko bw’icuma: 12Cr1MoV ubwo bwoko bw’ugushikama kw’imitsi y’icuma ni bwiza, kandi iyo ubushuhe buri hejuru y’amadegre 580 , buracari n’inkomezi nziza z’ubushuhe.

2) Ubushuhe bw'ibitunguru -
Utugingo ngengabuzima tw’ubwo bwoko bw’icuma mu bushuhe bwo mu cumba no gukoresha ubushuhe. Ubwo bwoko bw’ivyuma n’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma (chromium) ni vyinshi kuruta 12%, birimwo nickel, birimwo gusa silikoni, titanium, molybdenum, beryllium n’ibindi bintu.

3) Maritesitic - ubwoko bw'igishushe- ubwa mbere
Ico giserukira icuma: Cr 12 ubwoko bukomeye bw’ubushuhe bukomeye, ifise ubushobozi bwiza cane bw’ubuhinga, inkomezi nziza z’ubushuhe, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’uguhungabana n’uguhungabana kw’ivyuma, ikoreshwa cane mu gukora igiti c’umuhogo no gukora urutonde rw’ivyuma bidasanzwe, kandi ikoreshwa cane nk’impeta y’ivyuma, ivyuma vy’ubushuhe bwinshi, ivyuma vy’imbere n’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma, ivy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma, ivy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma, ivy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma, ivy’inkota, Igikoresho ca compresseur n’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma, uruziga, uruzitiro rw’ivyuma n’ivyuma vy’indege, n’ibindi.Iterambere n’ugukoresha ubushuhe bwa Cr 12{3}} ivyuma biriho bifise amateka arenga imyaka 60, n’ubwoko bw’amazina y’ibara. Ariko rero, itandukaniro riri hagati y’ivyo rigize si rinini, rishingiye ku cuma Cr 12 ryongeyeko ivyuma vy’ivyuma, molybdenum, valadium, nickel, niobium, boron, azote, cobalt, cobalt n’ibindi bintu kugira ngo bikore.
4) Ivyuma
Ivyuma vy’ivyuma ni ishami rihambaye ry’ivyuma bishobora guhangana n’ubushuhe, ni ryo riserukira iki cuma: 21 Cr{3}}9 Mn-4Ni-N icuma (21-4N), ugereranyije n’ivyuma 21 Cr-12 NiN, 14 Cr-14Ni2W-Mox, ubushobozi buraruta kandi bufise ubutunzi, mu gihe c’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’amavuta. Kwongerako ikibiriti ku 21-4N kugira ngo ukore neza igikorwa co gucapura cakozwe 21-4NS. Kwongerwako niobium, molybdenum, tungsten na vanium vyatumye ubushuhe bwinshi bukomera cane, inkomezi z’urushe n’ubushobozi bwo kwambara, n’ivyuma vy’ivyuma 21-4 W NbN, X60CrMoVNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbNbN210.

5) Austenitic {{1}=ubushuhe bw'icuma.
Abaserukira iki cuma: 18 Cr{4}}8Ni, 25 Cr{5}}20Ni, Cr{6}}Mn-N, Fe-Mn-Al, n'ibindi. Ubwo bwoko bw'icuma bufise inkomezi nyinshi z'ubushuhe n'ubushobozi bwiza cane bwo guhangana n'umwuka ku bushuhe bwinshi. Muri rusangi ikoreshwa ku bice biri hejuru ya 600℃, ubushuhe bwo kurwanya indwara bushobora gushika ku 850~1250℃. Ubwo bwoko bw’icuma burakorwa mu gihe kimwe n’icuma kitagira ibara, kimwe muri vyo na co nyene ni icuma ciza cane c’ubwoko bw’umubiri.
Ku bijanye n’icuma gifise ishusho y’umubiri mu Bushinwa, uretse kopi no gutanga umubare munini w’ubushuhe bwo mu mahanga{0}} Ivyiyumviro vy’icuma, Cr{1}}N{2}} N {3}Mn{4}}N{-N, Cr{6}}N. Cr {{10}Mn-Aal-Ishusho y'ubushuhe bw'ivyuma{13}} Icumatara ryateguwe mu myaka myinshi. Cr18Mn12Si2N, Cr20Mn9I2Si2N, na
3Cr24Ni7SiNRRe iri ku rutonde rw'ingingo z'igihugu zo guteza imbere no gusaba.
Ivyuma bishobora gutuma ubushuhe bishobora gutera umuriro bifise igice kinini mu murima w’icuma gishobora guhangana n’ubushuhe. Kuva mu myaka ya 1970 na 1980, kubera iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda zikora amavuta y’ibitoro, umubare munini w’ivyuma bishobora guhangana n’ubushuhe bwinshi bwakoreshejwe mu bimera bininibinini vy’amazi n’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma, kandi ubushuhe bwo gukoresha bushobora gushika ku 1150℃, n’urutonde rw’ivyuma vya Fe{ Nk’i 4Cr25Ni35Co15W, 4Cr25Ni35WNb, 5Cr28Ni48W5, n’abandi. Ibihugu bimwe bimwe vyateye imbere kuva mu myaka ya 1930 vyashizeho ingingo ngenderwako z’ivyuma bishobora gutuma ubushuhe. Mu mwaka w’1987, Ubushinwa bwashizeho urugero rwa mbere rw’igihugu ku bushuhe -
6) Imvura y'ubwoko bukomeye bw'ubwoko bukomeye-
Dushingiye ku nyama zayo, icuma caco gikomeye gishobora guca mu nzira y’ubushuhe gishobora guca mu nzira y’ivyuma bikomeye vy’ubushuhe (nk’icuma ca 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb), (igice c’ivyuma vy’iyunguruzo y’iyunguruzo y’iyunguruzo y’iyunguruzo y’iyunguruzo) y’ubushuhe bukomeye (nk’i 0Cr17No2Al na 0Cr15Ni7Mo2Al) n’ icuma c’uburari caratumye ubushuhe bushobora guhangana n’ubushuhe (nk’uw’i 0Cr15Ni25Ti2MoVB), n’ibindi.

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